Naturalization is the process by which a lawful permanent resident becomes a U.S. citizen, generally after meeting continuous residency, physical presence, and civics knowledge requirements.
Applicants generally must show at least five years (or three years for spouses of U.S. citizens) as a permanent resident, continuous residence, physical presence for at least half that period, good moral character, and basic knowledge of English and U.S. civics, unless an exemption applies.
Applicants file Form N-400, attend a biometrics appointment, complete an interview with a USCIS officer that includes the English and civics test, and take the Oath of Allegiance once approved.
Naturalization processing typically takes roughly eight to eighteen months from filing to the oath ceremony, depending on the field office.
This overview is for general information only and is not legal advice. Current forms, fees, and eligibility rules should always be confirmed against official USCIS and U.S. Department of State guidance, or with one of our attorneys, before filing.
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